HTML and CSS layout skills

One 、 Single column layout

1. Horizontal center ：（ notes ： The implementation in the following examples is child Element alignment operations ,child The parent container of the element is parend Elements ）

1-1： Use inline-block and text-align Realization ：

.parent{text-align: center;}

.child{display:inline-block;}

advantage ： Compatibility is good. ;

Insufficient ： You need to set both parent and child elements ;

1-2: Use margin：0 auto To achieve

.child{width：200px;margin: 0 auto;}

advantage ： Compatibility is good. ;

Insufficient ： Width needs to be set ;

1-3： Use table Realization ：

.child{display:table;margin:0 auto;}

advantage ： Just set yourself up ;

Insufficient ：IE6,7 We need to restructure ;

1-4： Use absolute positioning to achieve ：

.parent{position: relative;}

/* Or practical margin-left The negative value of is half the width of the box , But then you have to know the section of the box , But compatibility is good */

.child{position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%)}

Insufficient ： Compatibility is poor ,IE9 And above

1-5： practical flex Layout implementation ：

/* The first method */

.parent{display:flex;justify-content:center;}

/* The second method */

.parent{display:flex;}

.child{margin:0 auto;}

Insufficient ： Compatibility is poor , If the layout of a large area is carried out, the efficiency may be affected

2. Vertical center ：vertical-align( be called “inline-block Dependent elements ”, in other words , Only one element belongs to inline or inline-block,table-cell It can also be understood as inlin-block, On him vertical-align Attributes work )

In the use of vertical-align When , Because its baseline is marked with the baseline of row height , So we need to set line-height Or set display:table-call;

/* The first method */

.parent{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:20px;}

/* The second method */

.parent{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;inline-height:20px;}

2-1: Practical absolute positioning ：

.parent{position:relative;}

.child{position：absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%);}

2-2： practical flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;align-items:center;}

3. Horizontal vertical center ：

3-1： utilize vertial-align,text-align,inline-block Realization

.parent{display:table-cell;vertial-align:middle;text-align:center;}

.child{display:inline-block;}

3-2: Use absolute positioning to achieve ：

.parent{position:relative;}

.child{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);}

3-3: Use flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;justify-content：center;align-items:center;}

Two 、 Multi column layout

1. Left column fixed width , Right column adaptive （ This layout is very common , The side that is suitable for sizing is often navigation , The adaptive side is the layout of the content ）

1-1. utilize float + margin Realization ：

.left{float:left;width:100px;}

.right{margin-left:100px;}

Be careful ：IE9 Yes 3px Of bug

1-2. utilize float + margin(fix) Realization

 <div class="parent">

<div class="left"></div>

<div class="right-fix">

<div class="right"></div>

</div>

</div>

.left{width:100px;float:left;}

.right-fix{width:100%;margin-left:-100px;float:right;}

.right{margin-left:100px;}

1-3. Use float+overflow Realization

.left{width:100px;float:left;}

.right{overflow:hidden;}

Trigger bfc Pattern , Floating can't affect , Isolate other elements ,IE6 I won't support it , left left Set up margin-left treat as left And right The margin between , The right side uses overflow:hidden To form bfc Pattern .

If we need to set both columns to climb , The following methods can be used to “ background ” Set to contour , In fact, it's not equal in content .

.left{width:100px;float:left;}

.right{overflow:hidden;}

.parent{overflow:hidden;}

.left,.right{padding-bottom:9999px;margin-bottom:-9999px;}

1-4. utilize table Realization ：

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.left{width:100px;}.right,.left{display:table-cell;}

1-5. Use flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;}

.left{width:100px;}.right{flex:1;}

Take advantage of the container on the right flex:1, Divide the remaining width equally , The same effect has been achieved , and align-items The default value is stretch, So they are equal in height .

2. Right column fixed width , The left column is adaptive

2-1. Use float+margin Realization

.parent{background:red;height:100px;margin:0 auto;}

.left{background:green;margin-right:-100px;width:100%;float:left;}

.right{float:right;width:100px;background:blue;}

2-2. Use table Realization ：

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.left{display:table-cell;}

.right{width:100px;display:table-cell;}

2-3. Use flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;}

.left{flex:1;}

.right{width:100px;}

3. Two columns of fixed width , A list of adaptive （ basic html The structure is the parent and the container is parent, From the container is left,center,rigth）, among left,center Fixed width ,right The adaptive .

3-1. utilize float+margin Realization

.left,.center{float:left;width:200px;}

.right{margin-left:400px;}

3-2. utilize float+overflow Realization

.left,.center{float:left;width:200px;}

.right{overflow:hidden;}

3-3. utilize table Realization

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.left,.center,.right{display:table-cell;}

.left,.center{width:200px}

3-4. utilize flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;}

.left,.center{width:100px}

.right{flex:1;}

4. Width on both sides , The middle bar is adaptive

4-1. Use float+margin Realization ：

.left{width:100px;float:left;}

.center{float:left;width:100%;margin-right:-200px;}

.rigth{width:100px;float:right;}

4-2. Use table Realization ：

.parent{width:100%;display:table;table-layout:fixed}

.left,.center,.right{display:table-cell;}

.left{width:100px;}.right{width:100px;}

4-3. Use flex Realization ：

.parent{display:flex;}

.left,.center{width:100px;}

.right{flex:1}

5. A column of indefinite width , A list of adaptive

5-1. Use float+overflow Realization ：

.left{float:left;}

.right{overflow:hidden;}

5-2. Use table Realization ：

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.left{width:0.1%;}

.left,.right{display:table-cell;}

5-3. Use flex Realization

.parent{display:flex;}

.right{flex:1;}

6. Multi column layout ：（ Multi column layout often appears in the content , Most of them are functional , The content of the same class is displayed side by side ）

<div class="parent">

<div class="column">1</div>

<div class="column">1</div>

<div class="column">1</div>

<div class="column">1</div>

</div>

6-1. Use float Realization ：

.parent{margin-left:-20px}/* Suppose the spacing between the columns is 20px*/

.column{float:left;width:25%;padding-left:20px;box-sizing:border-box;}

6-2. Use table Realization

.parent-fix{margin-left:-20px;}

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.column{display:table-cell;padding-left:20px;}

6-3. Use flex Realization

.parent{display:flex;}

.column{flex:1;}

.column+.column{margin-left:20px;}

7. Nine palaces layout

7-1. Use table Realization ：

<div class="parent">

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

</div>

parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}

.row{display:table-row;}

.item{display:table-cell;width:33.3%;height:200px;}

7-2. Use flex Realization ：

<div class="parent">

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

<div class="row"><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div><div class="item"></div></div>

</div>

.parent{display:flex;flex-direction:column;}

.row{height:100px;display:flex;}

.item{width:100px;background:red;}

8. Full screen layout

<div class="parent">

<div class="top">top</div>

<div class="left">left</div>

<div class="right">right</div>

<div class="bottom">bottom</div>

</div>
html,body,parent{height:100%;overflow:hidden;}

.top{position:absolute:top:0;left:0;right:0;height：0px;}

.left{position:absolute;top:100px;left:0;bottom:50px;width:200px;}

.right{position:absolute;overflow:auto;left:200px;right:0;top:100px;bottom:50px;}

.bottom{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:50px;}

8-1. utilize flex Realization ：

<div class="parent">

<div class="top">top</div>

<div class="middle"><div class="left">left</div>

<div class="right">right</div>

</div>

<div class="bottom">bottom</div>

</div>

9. Responsive layout

meta The utility of labels Set the layout width equal to the device width , Layout viewport It's equal to measurement viewport

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">

Media query

HTML 4 and CSS 2 Currently, it supports setting specific style sheets for different media types , such as , Use sans serif font when a page is displayed on the screen , When printing, use serif , screen and print There are two defined media types , Media queries make style sheets more targeted , Expand the function of media type ; A media query consists of a media type and one or more conditional expressions that detect media characteristics , The media features that can be used for detection in media query are width、height and color（ etc. ）, Use media to query , Without changing the content of the page , Customize the display for specific output devices .

grammar

@media screen and (max-width:960px){....}
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (max-width:960px)" href='xxx.css' />

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